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[GET] Joint Staff Counterintelligence Awareness And Reporting Pretest Answers
Law enforcement and counterintelligence agencies are responsible for sharing threat information, conducting detailed analysis, and reconciling information gaps. Why Report These Behaviors and Activities? It is your awareness and reporting that can...[FREE] Joint Staff Counterintelligence Awareness And Reporting Pretest Answers | HOT
What Activities Do I Report? Here are examples of behaviors and activities to report: -Persons advocating support for a terrorist organization or cause. Important Places to Watch Here are examples of places and locations to observe behaviors and...
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The computer conference had to encompass a broad perspective from its inception, while maintaining a focus on its primary objective. Meaningful answers to the above question are long overdue requisites for a more appropriate design of information systems and services that would increase their use, their relevance to both development and the organizations in which they operate, and their sustainability. The subject is relevant to all societies; however, the focus of the conference was on developing countries. Although a number of theoretical and conceptual issues were expected to arise during the conference, its goal was to produce results that could readily be applied.- It focused on benefits and related parameters or indicators that could readily be measured and on concrete assessment. Special attention was to be given to indicators that were likely to produce the required evidence of socio-economic benefits, and possibly returns, as a basis for making decisions about investment in information activities. The resulting framework may be used in retrospective evaluations or decisions regarding ongoing information activities. However, it was primarily meant to offer guidance in the design of future field studies and action research for the evaluation of information services and programs. We believed that the computer conference might also suggest new forms of information-related projects, or components to be included in traditional ones, to enable such assessments, as well as items to be part of an agenda for future research on the relation between information and development.
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The computer conference was not expected to produce actual evaluations or measures, nor an appraisal of current information-related programs. However, possible limitations of the latter with regard to their ability to yield the identified benefits or to permit their assessment could be highlighted. Why a computer conference? The complexity and difficulty of this subject are conspicuous.FEMA IS 700.b: An Introduction To The National Incident Management System Answers
Not only has little empirical research been attempted in this area, but there is no commonly agreed upon model to guide the investigation. Therefore, we believed that an uninhibited and in-depth discussion over a long enough time was necessary. Conventional methods would have required much time spent in preparing and reviewing papers and synthesizing collective summaries. At least two meetings would have been necessary. This approach would not have allowed for the level and duration of interaction that the scope and purpose of the conference required.Annual Security And Counterintelligence Awareness Pretest Answers
In view of the time constraints and geographic location of those likely to contribute, a computer conference appeared to be the more appropriate mechanism, in spite of the fact that it excluded a number of potential participants based in parts of the world where telecommunication facilities are inadequate. An atmosphere of gaiety and of joint search might then replace the atmosphere of so many gatherings today, marked as it is by self-assertiveness, aggressiveness and possessive pride.- Participants In view of the complexity of the subject as well as the objective of producing concrete results within a relatively short time, participation was restricted to a limited number of specialists with a recognized expertise in the subject. The number of regular participants was also chosen to allow for the most effective interaction within the group and a joint commitment toward the achievement of the conference objectives. The conference theme required a multidisciplinary approach. The usefulness of including specialists from a number of disciplines and backgrounds outside the information science community was fully acknowledged. However, such inclusion at this stage was considered inappropriate, because of the inconsistencies in experiences, reference frameworks, concepts, and vocabulary it was likely to introduce. This interaction was foreseen at later stages. A core group of 16 specialists from the private, government, and academic sectors in North America, Europe, the Caribbean, Latin America, and the Middle East was selected by IDRC staff on the basis of their previous work on related issues.
- An effort was made to achieve the fairest possible representation from the various parts of the world, even though this criterion was secondary to that of relevant experience Appendix 1 contains a list of the participants. Michel J. Menou, an international consultant in information management systems, was appointed by IDRC as the moderator of the conference. To ensure the free expression of participants and to avoid possible delays and repetition as newcomers joined the proceedings, it was agreed the conference should be closed. Access to the full proceedings was restricted to the participants. Periodic summaries were prepared for use in personal communications with colleagues outside the conference. In many instances, they were specialists who might well have been included in the core group, but who either did not wish to or could not participate in the conference for various reasons, in particular through lack of adequate telecommunication facilities.
- Once the panel had been established by IDRC, toward the end of the conference, all members received, and were asked to comment on, printed copies of the summaries. Participants were further encouraged to discuss freely the conference proceedings with colleagues and share their comments with other participants. To encourage this, the basic text of a press release was prepared at the beginning of the conference. At various times during the conference, it was sent by the moderator to 10 information science journals and newsletters and to a computer conference concentrating on information technology in developing countries STIDEV on CoSy.
- Various professional meetings provided further opportunities for external contact. A number of information specialists expressed general interest in the conference theme and offered comments that were shared within the conference see Appendix 1. General comments about the project The project was welcomed both within and outside the group of participants as an important, exciting, worthwhile, and timely endeavour. It was also expected to be a challenge because of the difficulty of devising criteria and a framework for assessing the impact of information on development. The lack of concrete data and the problem of gathering them were also perceived as major obstacles. Reaching a better understanding of the role of information in development was nevertheless seen as a fundamental issue for the future of the information field.
- Although a focus on developing countries is legitimate in this respect, the same problems and questions hold for industrialized countries. A discussion of the effectiveness of current information systems and services and of the support granted to them could hardly be omitted from the project. A number of external contributors, especially those from developing countries, criticized the relative under representation of specialists from these countries in the core group of participants, although they acknowledged the practical obstacles to their involvement. They stressed that effective interaction at later stages of the project should be given the highest priority. Similarly, the predominantly library and information science background of the core group of participants was questioned. Even at this early stage, some people thought that the inquiry would have benefited from participation by specialists in other fields, especially economics and development sociology, and by decision-makers in developing countries.
- Despite the validity of these criticisms, the design options selected were deemed appropriate, especially in view of the exploratory nature of the project. Structure and schedule of the conference To facilitate interaction and the synthesis of the proceedings, the theme of the conference was broken down into 10 subthemes or topics: general, policies, benefits, indicators, calculation, field projects, research agenda, literature, others, and digests. A detailed description of their scope appears in Table 1. The meeting was to allow members of the group to become acquainted and to establish the required group dynamics.
- It allowed participants to review the scope, objectives, agenda, and procedures for the conference. They also received basic training in the use of the CoSy computer conferencing system. The computer conference was scheduled to take place over 5 months, from April through mid-September. IDRC provided the participants with technical support in relation to access to or use of the system as well as off-line communication channels in case of difficulties. Input received in printed form from external contributors was posted in the conference by the moderator. Although all topics were open from the beginning, it was planned that the conference would proceed in steps. The structure, which had been approved in principle at the initial meeting, was tested during a trial period corresponding to the 1st month.
- The discussions were to concentrate on the various topics according to the following schedule: 1st and 2nd months: general, benefits, policy, and literature. Participants were expected to contribute facts and ideas on each of the topics. This exercise was not meant as a formal international conference with balanced representation, diplomatic concerns, and corporate images to preserve. Except for the fact that each contribution had to be easily understood by all other participants, whose fluency in the conference language English might not match the sophistication of native speakers, there was no restraint upon free and thorough expression by all participants. To a large extent, the conference was seen an exercise in brainstorming.
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However, this did not exclude the eventual production of evidence, articulated justifications, or cases in point. In the meantime, because the conference was meant to achieve practical results a conceptual framework, parameters or indicators, data-gathering procedures, project ideas, a research agenda , participants were urged to give due consideration to the applicability of their proposals under real-life conditions. Table 1. Subthemes in the computer conference. Table 1 concluded. To facilitate interaction among the participants as well as with members of the consultative panel and external contributors, discussions on each topic would be synthesized by the moderator at regular intervals and as often as required. Proceedings of the conference The progress of the conference can be divided into four phases. Before the opening of the conference, 19 messages were posted under all the topics to provide a starting point for discussion. Because only six participants had an opportunity to interact through the conferencing system during the first month, the start-up phase was extended for one more month.- The second phase, covering the following 2 months, showed relatively slow progress with respect to both the number of active participants and the number of messages posted, which were mainly under General or Others. This led to a decision to extend the conference for 2 months until mid-November. Participants were then asked to avoid discussions under General, to focus on the subject of benefits for specific communities and problem areas, and to mention as far as possible the related indicators and data-gathering methods.
- During the third phase 4th to 6th month , the conference reached what was considered its normal pace, with all participants establishing connections and using the system. The last phase 7th and 8th months was devoted to an overall review of the proceedings and last-minute input in the various topics. Two new areas, one for substantive messages report and one for general announcements, were opened to allow for further interaction in the preparation of the final report and for submitting late input. In all, messages were posted: 96 under General, a number of them relating to alternative approaches to the assessment of benefits; 8 under Policies; 83 under Benefits; 26 under Indicators; 12 each under Calculation and Field Projects; 1 under Research Agenda; 17 under Literature; 98 under Others; and 34 under Digests.
- A substantial amount of unmonitored discussion also took place through person-to-person electronic mail. Because of difficulties with telecommunications, the use of the system, and work pressure, seven participants contributed far fewer than the average number of messages. A total of 24 messages were posted on behalf of 12 colleagues, who were either members of the consultative panel or external contributors.
- Half of these people provided messages under more than one topic. Two members of the consultative panel contributed five messages each. Because the computer conference was conceived primarily as a brainstorming session among knowledgeable specialists, no systematic literature review was attempted. However, participants were invited to note and possibly comment on relevant documents. They are listed in the Bibliography, which covers documents noted as a result of this process, but is not a systematic bibliography on the subject. With the help of the IDRC Library, a number of online bibliographic searches were nevertheless attempted at the beginning of the conference. They did not provide significant results because of the peculiarity of the theme, for which consistent and specific indexing was difficult to identify, and because of the scatter of possibly relevant databases.
- In addition, relevant material was circulated among the participants. A summary of discussions at the initial meeting was not produced, because all but one participant was in attendance and most topics had been mentioned in a preliminary outline. A number of the messages posted during the 1st month did, in fact, offer some sort of summary on particular issues.
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CI activities help the commander shape the battlefield. The commander focuses the CI effort by carefully assigning missions and clearly defining the desired results. By orienting the unit's CI capabilities, the commander decides who or what are CI targets for collection activities. CI agents conduct CI collection operations in support of the overall mission. CI agents are augmented by interrogators when they are available. These operations rely on the use of casual as well as recruited sources of information to satisfy specific requirements of a command or activity supported by CI The collection effort includes liaison; CFSO; the debriefing of refugees, civilian detainees, and EPW; open source literature; and document exploitation.- These operations use the techniques identified in FM a. AR contains 15 procedures that set forth policies and procedures governing the conduct of intelligence activities by DA. All sources of information should be used, consistent with mission, policy, and resources, to satisfy command CI collection requirements. Casual sources usually can be relied on to provide information which is routinely available to them. They are under no obligation to provide information.
- Casual sources include private citizens, such as retired officials or other prominent residents of an area. Members of private organizations also may furnish information of value. CI personnel conduct liaison with foreign and domestic CI intelligence, security, and law enforcement agencies to exchange information and obtain assistance.
- CI personnel are interested in investigative, operational, and threat information. See CI Liaison below. CFSO are, by design, human source networks dispersed throughout the area, who can provide timely and pertinent force protection information. Interrogators normally conduct these collection operations, often with technical assistance from a CI agent. The key to identifying the source of valuable CI force protection information is in analyzing the information being sought and predicting who, by virtue of their regular duties, would have regular, frequent, and unquestioned access to such information. When information is presented in a foreign language, linguist support is required for timely translation. Depending on the resources, this support can be provided by interrogation personnel, allied personnel, indigenous employees, or Reserve Component RC translators 97L.
- This holds true for liaison contacts as well as casual or recruited sources. These types of operations require security and maintenance of source information in intelligence operations channels. This helps to preclude any compromise of sources or friendly methods of operation. This type of information, including biographic, motivational, and communications procedures, are best maintained in CIC 2 channels. Control of source information will not preclude passage of this type of information from one echelon to another for necessary approvals.
- In handling source information, strictly adhere to the "need-to-know" policy. The number of persons knowing about source information must be kept to a minimum. For more information on the control of source information and CI collection activities, see FM S. The nature of CI activities and the many legal restrictions imposed, including SOFAs or other agreements, make the collection of intelligence information largely dependent on effective liaison. CI agents use liaison to obtain information and assistance and to exchange views necessary to understand our liaison counterparts. During transition from increased tension to open hostilities, the liaison emphasis shifts to support the combat commander. CI agents must establish liaison with appropriate agencies before the outbreak of hostilities.
- Information and cooperation gained during this period can have a major impact on the effectiveness of both intelligence and combat operations. Liaison with foreign organizations and individuals normally requires foreign language proficiency. Liaison with appropriate US, host country, and allied military and civilian agencies is fundamental to the success of CI operations and intelligence support to commanders.
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